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The Reversing Falls are a series of rapids on the Saint John River located in Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada, where the river runs through a narrow gorge before emptying into the Bay of Fundy. The semidiurnal tides of the bay force the flow of water to reverse against the prevailing current at this location when the tide is high, although in the spring freshet, this is frequently surpassed by the downstream volume of water. The rapids, or "falls", are created by a series of underwater ledges which roil the water in either direction, causing a significant navigation hazard, despite the depth of water.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Reversing Falls, Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada )〕 As a result, vessels wishing to enter or exit from the river must wait for slack tide. The Reversing Falls has also been an important industrial site for over a century. The Canadian Pacific Railway constructed the Reversing Falls Railway Bridge in 1885〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Structurae - Reversing Falls Railway Bridge (1885) )〕 and this structure was replaced in 1922;〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Structurae - Saint John Bridge (1922) )〕 it is currently used by the New Brunswick Southern Railway. The railway bridge crosses the gorge immediately downstream from the falls, parallel to the Reversing Falls Road Bridge. The location of the falls was the site of a foundry and other light industrial operations on the east side of the gorge, while a large pulp mill on the west side. J.D. Irving, the company which has operated the pulp mill since purchasing it in the late 1940s, has encountered some criticism in recent decades for maintaining the facility at what is viewed as one of Saint John's prime tourism locations. This criticism became most pronounced during the 1980s and 1990s when the city government created Fallsview Park on the former industrial foundry lands on the east side of the gorge. The Falls were even given the dubious distinction by one publication as being among the worst tourist attractions in the world.〔Bruce Felton and Mark Fowler, ''Felton & Fowler's Best, Worst, and Most Unusual'', Random House, 1985, p. 270〕 During the late 1990s a tourist business was established, offering jet boat rides on the river in the vicinity of the falls; however the boats do not operate in the roughest areas which experience a drop in water level over a very short distance. The operators tend to stay in the choppy waters immediately downstream and attempt to soak passengers by driving through small whirlpools at the base of the railway bridge. Another more recent development at the Reversing Falls has been its growing use as a whitewater kayaking location, made unique by the changes in formation of the rapids during incoming or outgoing tides.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Up a not-so-lazy river )〕 ReversingFalls inbound.jpg|The falls flowing inbound. ReversingFalls slack.jpg|The falls slack, 38 minutes after the previous picture was taken. ReversingFalls outbound.jpg|The falls flowing outbound, 15 minutes later after the slack picture was taken and 53 minutes after the first of the series was taken. == References == 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Reversing Falls」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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